The Phoenix Exultant — John C. Wright

Phaethon of Radamanthus House has been exiled, his ship confiscated. He embarks upon a quest across the transformed solar system among humans, intelligent machines, and bizarre life forms. For the first time in his centuries-long life, he must look reality in the face, without a layer of computer-applied glamour.

Now Phaethon discovers the tarnished underbelly of the shining utopia he took for granted, as he is forced to deal with the only people who can do business, or even talk, with him, his fellow exiles.

Somehow, with or without their help, he must recover his memory, regain his place in society, and move that society away from stagnation. That, he hopes to do, by reclaiming his magnificent ship, the Phoenix Exultant, and flying her to the stars.